Hyundai Santa Fe (TM): Emission Control System

Hyundai Santa Fe (TM) 2019-2023 Service and Repair Manual / Emission Control System

Description and operation

Description
Emissions Control System consists of three major systems.
•
The Crankcase Emission Control System prevents blow-by gas from releasing into the atmosphere. This system recycles gas back into the intake manifold (Closed Crankcase Ventilation Type).
•
The Evaporative Emission Control System prevents evaporative gas from releasing into the atmosphere. This system burns gas at appropriate engine operating condition after gathering it in the canister.
•
The Exhaust Emission Control System converts the three pollutants [hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx)] into harmless substances by using the 3-way catalytic converter.

Components and components location

Components Location

1. Crankcase pressure regulating valve (PRV)
2. Canister
3. Purge control solenoid valve (PCSV)
 4. Fuel tank air filter
5. Catalytic converter (WCC)
6. Catalytic converter (UCC)

1. Crankcase Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV)
2. Canister

3. Purge control solenoid valve (PCSV)
 4. Fuel tank air filter

5. Catalytic converter (WCC)
 6. Catalytic converter (UCC)


Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting
Symptom
Suspect area
Engine will not start or hard to start
 Vapor hose damaged or disconnected
Engine struggles to start
 Malfunction of the Purge Control Solenoid Valve
Rough idle or engine stalls
 Vapor hose damaged or disconnected
Malfunction of the PCV valve
Rough idle
 Malfunction of the Evaporative Emission Control System
Excessive oil consumption
 Positive crankcase ventilation line clogged

Specifications

Specifications
Purge Control Solenoid Valve (PCSV)
â–· Specification
Item
Specification
Coil Resistance (Ω)
 20.0 - 22.0 [20°C (68°F)]

Schematic diagrams

Schematic Diagram

Crankcase Emission Control System

Schematic diagrams

Schematic Diagram

1. PCV Valve
2. Breather hose
3. Air intake hose
 4. Intake maifold
5. Air breather hose
6. Cylinder block

Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve. Description and operation

Description
Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV) is installed to prevent the over pressure of combustion gas through the piston ring and onto the crankcase.

Operation Principle
Engine Condition
Stop
Idle or Deceleration
Normal operating condition
Accelerating in the high load area
Intake manifold pressure
 0
 High
 Appropriate
 Low
PRV (Diaphragm)
 Full open
 A little open
 Appropriate open
 Considerable open
Amount of blow-by gas
 0
 A little
 Middle
 A lot
Diaphragm component part


Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valve. Repair procedures

Removal
1.
Remove the cylinder head cover.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Cylinder Head Cover")
Installation
1.
Install in the reverse order of removal.

Crankcase Check Valve. Repair procedures

Removal and Installation
  
•
Be careful not to damage the parts located under the vehicle (floor under cover, fuel filter, fuel tank and canister) when raising the vehicle using the lift.
(Refer to General Information - "Lift and Support Points")
1.
Disconnect the battery (-) terminal.
2.
Remove the engine room under cover.
(Refer to Engine And Transaxle Assembly - "Engine Room Under Cover")
3.
Remove the drive belt.
(Refer to Drive Belt System - "Drive Belt")
4.
Remove the compressor mounting bolts.
(Refer to Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - "Compressor")
5.
Disconnect the crankcase check valve hose (A) and then remove the crankcase check valve (B).
Tightening torque :
9.8 - 11.8 N.m (1.0 - 1.2 kgf.m, 7.2 - 8.7 lb-ft)

  
•
Push the check valve to the end of the mounting surface, and then tighten the bolt.

Evaporative Emission Control System

Description and operation

Description
Evaporative Emission Control System prevents fuel vapor stored in fuel tank from vaporizing into the atmosphere. When the fuel evaporates in the fuel tank, the vapor passes through vent hoses or tubes to the canister filled with charcoal and the canister temporarily holds the vapor in the charcoal.
If ECM determines to draw the gathered vapor into the combustion chambers during certain operating conditions, it will use vacuum in intake manifold to move it.

Schematic diagrams

Schematic Diagram

Canister
Canister is filled with charcoal and absorbs evaporated vapor in fuel tank. The gathered fuel vapor in canister is drawn into the intake manifold by the ECM/PCM when appropriate conditions are set.
Purge Control Solenoid Valve (PCSV)
Purge Control Solenoid Valve (PCSV) is installed in the passage connecting canister and intake manifold. It is a duty type solenoid valve and is operated by ECM/PCM signal.
To draw the absorbed vapor into the intake manifold, the ECM/PCM will open the PCSV, otherwise the passage remains closed.
Fuel Filler Cap
A ratchet tightening device on the threaded fuel filler cap reduces the chances of incorrect installation, which would seal the fuel filler. After the gasket on the fuel filler cap and the fill neck flange contact each other, the ratchet produces a loud clicking noise indicating the seal has been set.

Canister. Repair procedures

Removal
  
•
Be careful not to damage the parts located under the vehicle (floor under cover, canister, fuel tank) when raising the vehicle using the lift.
(Refer to General Information - "Lift and Support Points")
1.
Turn the ignition switch OFF and disconnect the battery (-) terminal.
2.
Remove the floor under cover (A).
Tightening Torque :
7.9 - 11.8 N.m (0.8 - 1.2 kgf.m, 5.8 - 8.7 lb-ft)

3.
Disconnect the vent hose (A).
4.
Disconnect the vapor hose quick-connector (A).
5.
Remove the canister (A) after loosening the mounting nuts.
Tightening Torque :
7.8 - 11.8 N.m (0.8 - 1.2 kgf.m, 5.7 - 8.7 lb-ft)

Installation
1.
Install in the reverse order of removal.
Inspection
1.
Check for the following items visually.
–
Cracks or leakage of the canister
–
Loose connection, distortion, or damage of the vapor hose/tube

A : Canister ↔ Atmosphere
B : Canister ↔ Fuel Tank
C : Canister ↔ Intake Manifold

Fuel Filler Cap. Description and operation

Description
A ratchet tightening device on the threaded fuel filler cap reduces the chances of incorrect installation, which seals the fuel filler. After the gasket on the fuel filler cap and the filler neck flange contact each other, the ratchet produces a loud clicking noise indicating the seal has been set.

Fuel Tank Air Filter. Repair procedures

Removal
  
•
Be careful not to damage the parts located under the vehicle (floor under cover, fuel filter, fuel tank and canister) when raising the vehicle using the lift.
(Refer to General Information - "Lift and Support Points")
1.
Turn the ignition switch OFF and disconnect the battery (-) terminal.
2.
Lift the vehicle.
3.
Remove the rear-left wheel & tire and wheel house cover.
4.
Separate the ventilation hoses (A).
5.
Remove the fuel tank air filter (A) after loosening the mounting bolts.
Tightening torque :
7.9 - 11.8 N.m (0.8 - 1.2 kgf.m, 5.8 - 8.7 lb-ft)

Installation
1.
Install in the reverse order of removal.

Exhaust Emission Control System

Description and operation

Description
Exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx) are controlled by a combination of engine modifications and the addition of special control components.
Modifications to the combustion chamber, intake manifold, camshaft and ignition system form the basic control system.
These items have been integrated into a highly effective system which controls exhaust emissions while maintaining good drivability and fuel economy.
Air/Fuel Mixture Control System [Multiport Fuel Injection (MFI) System]
The MFI system uses signals from the heated oxygen sensor to activate and control the injector installed in the manifold for each cylinder, thus precisely regulating the air/fuel mixture ratio and reducing emissions.
This in turn allows the engine to produce exhaust gas of the proper composition to permit the use of a three way catalyst. The three way catalyst is designed to convert the three pollutants [hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx)] into harmless substances. There are two operating modes in the MFI system.
1.
Open Loop air/fuel ratio is controlled by information pre-programmed into the ECM.
2.
Closed Loop air/fuel ratio is constantly adjusted by the ECM based on information supplied by the oxygen sensor.

Catalytic Converter. Description and operation

Description
The catalytic converter of the gasoline engine is a three way catalyst. It oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons (HC), and separates oxygen from the oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Catalytic Converter. Repair procedures

Removal
[Catalytic Converter (WCC)]
1.
Remove the exhaust manifold.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Exhaust Manifold")
[Catalytic Converter (UCC)]
1.
Remove the Center Muffler.
(Refer to Engine Mechanical System - "Center Muffler")
Installation
1.
Install in the reverse order of removal.

CVVT (Continuously Variable Valve Timing) System. Description and operation

Description
Continuous Variable Valve Timing (CVVT) system advances or retards the valve timing of the intake and exhaust valve in accordance with the ECM control signal which is calculated by the engine speed and load.
By controlling CVVT, the valve over-lap or under-lap occurs, which makes better fuel economy and reduces exhaust gases (NOx, HC) and improves engine performance through reduction of pumping loss, internal EGR effect, improvement of combustion stability, improvement of volumetric efficiency, and increase of expansion work.
This system consist of
–
the CVVT Oil Control Valve (OCV) which supplies the engine oil to the cam phaser or runs out the engine oil from the cam phaser in accordance with the ECM PWM (Pulse With Modulation) control signal,
–
the CVVT Oil Temperature Sensor (OTS) which measures the engine oil temperature,
–
and the Cam Phaser which varies the cam phase by using the hydraulic force of the engine oil.
The engine oil getting out of the CVVT oil control valve varies the cam phase in the direction (Intake Advance/Exhaust Retard) or opposite direction (Intake Retard/Exhaust Advance) of the engine rotation by rotating the rotor connected with the camshaft inside the cam phaser.

Operation Principle
The CVVT has the mechanism rotating the rotor vane with hydraulic force generated by the engine oil supplied to the advance or retard chamber in accordance with the CVVT oil control valve control.
  
•
The variable force solenoid (VFS) changes its force depending on the PWM duty to control the stroke of the OCV.
•
It also controls the lock, unlock, advanced, retarded, and holding functions.
[CVVT System Mode]

(1) Low Speed / Low Load
 (2) Part Load


(3) Low Speed / High Load
 (4) High Speed / High Load



Driving Condition
Exhaust Valve
Intake Valve
Valve Timing
Effect
Valve Timing
Effect
(1) Low Speed
/Low Load
 Completely Advance
 * Valve Under-lap
* Improvement of combustion stability
 Completely Retard
 * Valve Under-lap
* Improvement of combustion stability
(2) Part Load
 Retard
 * Increase of expansion work
* Reduction of pumping loss
* Reduction of HC
 Retard
 * Reduction of pumping loss
(3) Low Speed
/High Load
 Retard
 * Increase of expansion work
 Advance
 * Prevention of intake back flow (Improvement of volumetric efficiency)
(4) High Speed
/High Load
 Advance
 * Reduction of pumping loss
 Retard
 * Improvement of volumetric efficiency

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